In this article, we will go over and create a simple NodeJS application that stores the support articles (only titles, for simplicity) and perform vector similarity search thorough it’s embeddings and return the best article to the user.

A quick disclaimer:

This article is meant to give you a map that can help you get started and navigate the solutions against similar problem statements.

Please explore codebase on this Repl, if you are interested to start with code tinkering.

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What makes vector similarity special?

Short answer: Embeddings.

The technique to translate a piece of content into vector representation is called embeddings. They allow you to analyze the semantic content mathematically.

The LLMs are capable of turning our content into vector representation, and embed them into the vector space, where similarity is concluded based on the distance between two embeddings. These embeddings are to be stored on vector databases.

In this article, we will use Supabase and enable pgvector to store vectors.

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Overview of our app

Our app will utilize the Supabase vector database to maintain articles in the form of embeddings. Upon receiving a new query, the database will intelligently recommend the most relevant article.

This is how the process will work:

  1. The application will read a text file containing a list of article titles.
  2. It will then use OpenAI models through Portkey to convert the content into embeddings.
  3. These embeddings will be stored in pgvector, along with a function that enables similarity matching.
  4. When a user enters a new query, the application will return the most relevant article based on the similarity match database function.

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Setup

Get going by setting up 3 things for this tutorial — NodeJS project, Portkey and Supabase.

Portkey

  1. Sign up and login into Portkey dashboard.
  2. your OpenAI API key and add it to Portkey Vault.

This will give you a unique identifier, virtual key, that you can reference in the code. More on this later on.

Supabase

Head to Supabase to create a New Project. Give it a name of your choice. I will label it “Product Wiki”. This step will provide access keys, such as the Project URL and API Key. Save them.

The project is ready!

We want to store embeddings in your database. To enable the database to store embeddings, you must enable Vector extension from Dashboard > Database > Extensions.

NodeJS

Navigate into any of your desired directories and run

npm init -y

See the project files created with package.json. Since we want to store the list of articles to database, we have to read them for a file. Create articles.txt and copy the following:

Update Your Operating System

Resetting Your Password

Maximizing Battery Life

Cleaning Your Keyboard

Protecting Against Malware

Backing Up Your Data

Troubleshooting Wi-Fi Issues

Optimizing Your Workspace

Understanding Cloud Storage

Managing App Permissions

Open the index.js and you are ready. Let’s start writing code.

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Step 1: Importing and authenticating Portkey and Supabase

Since our app is set to interact with OpenAI (via Portkey) and Supabase pgvector database, let’s import the necessary SDK clients to run operations on them.

import { Portkey } from 'portkey-ai';

import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';

import fs from 'fs';

const USER_QUERY = 'How to update my laptop?';

const supabase = createClient('https://rbhjxxxxxxxxxkr.supabase.co', process.env['SUPABASE_PROJECT_API_KEY']);

const portkey = new Portkey({

  apiKey: process.env['PORTKEY_API_KEY'],

  virtualKey: process.env['OPENAI_VIRTUAL_KEY']

});

fs to help us read the list of articles from a articles.txt file and USER_QUERY is the query we will use to do similarity search.

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Step 2: Create a Table

We can use the SQL Editor to execute SQL queries. We will have one table for this project, and let’s call it support_articles table. It will store the title of the article along with it’s embeddings. Please feel free to add more fields of your choice, such as description or tags.

For simplicity, create a table with columns for ID, content, and embedding.

create table

  support_articles (

    id bigint primary key generated always as identity,

    content text,

    embedding vector (1536)

  );

Execute the above SQL query in the SQL editor.

You can verify that the table has been created by navigating to Database > Tables > support_articles. A success message will appear in the Results tab once the execution is successful.

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Step 3: Read, Generate and Store embeddings

We will use the fs library to read the articles.txt and convert every title on the list into embeddings. With Portkey, generating embeddings is straightforward and same as working with OpenAI SDK and no additional code changes required.

const response = await portkey.embeddings.create({

  input: String(text),

  model: 'text-embedding-ada-002'

});

return Array.from(response.data[0].embedding);

Similarly to store embeddings to Supabase:

await supabase.from('support_articles').insert({

  content,

  embedding

});

To put everything together — reading from the file, generating embeddings, and storing them supabase.

async function convertToEmbeddings(text) {

  const response = await portkey.embeddings.create({

    input: String(text),

    model: 'text-embedding-ada-002'

  });

  return Array.from(response.data[0].embedding);

}

async function readTitlesFromFile() {

  const titlesPath = './articles.txt';

  const titles = fs

    .readFileSync(titlesPath, 'utf8')

    .split('\n')

    .map((title) => title.trim());

  return titles;

}

async function storeSupportArticles() {

  const titles = await readTitlesFromFile();

  titles.forEach(async function (title) {

    const content = title;

    const embedding = await convertToEmbeddings(content);

    await supabase.from('support_articles').insert({

      content,

      embedding

    });

  });

}

That’s it! — All you need to write one line to store all the items to the pgvector database.

await storeSupportArticles();

You should now see the rows created from the Table Editor.

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Step 4: Create a database function to query similar match

Next, let’s set up a database function to do vector similarity search using Supabase. This database function will take an user query vector as argument and return us an object with the id, content and the similarity score against the best row and user query in the database.

create or replace function match_documents (

  query_embedding vector(1536),

  match_threshold float,

  match_count int

)

returns table (

  id bigint,

  content text,

  similarity float

)

language sql stable

as $$

  select

    support_articles.id, -- documents here is the table name

    support_articles.content,

    1 - (support_articles.embedding <=> query_embedding) as similarity -- <=> is cosine similarity search

  from support_articles

  where 1 - (support_articles.embedding <=> query_embedding) > match_threshold

  order by (support_articles.embedding <=> query_embedding) asc

  limit match_count;

$$;

Execute it in the SQL Editor similar to the table creation.

Congratulations, now our support_articles is now powered to return vector similarity search operations.

No more waiting! Let’s run an search query.

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Step 5: Query for the similarity match

The supabase client can make an remote procedure calls to invoke our vector similarity search function to find the nearest match to the user query.

async function findNearestMatch(queryEmbedding) {

  const { data } = await supabase.rpc('match_documents', {

    query_embedding: queryEmbedding,

    match_threshold: 0.5,

    match_count: 1

  });

  return data;

}

The arguments will match the parameters we declared while creating the database function (in Step 4).

const USER_QUERY = 'How to update my laptop?';

// Invoke the following Fn to store embeddings to Supabase

// await storeSupportArticles();

const queryEmbedding = await convertToEmbeddings(USER_QUERY);

let best_match = await findNearestMatch(queryEmbedding);

console.info('The best match is: ', best_match);

The console log

The best match is:  [

  {

    id: 12,

    content: 'Update Your Operating System',

    similarity: 0.874387819265234

  }

]

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Afterthoughts

A single query with the best match for the user query mentioned above took 6 tokens and costed approximately $0.0001 cents. During the development of this app, I used up 2.4k tokens with a mean latency of 383ms.

You might be wondering how I know all of this? Well, it’s all thanks to the Portkey Dashboard.

This information is incredibly valuable, especially when used in real-time production. I encourage you to consider implementing search use cases in your ongoing projects such as recommendations, suggestions, and similar items.

Congratulations on making it this far! You now know how to work with embeddings in development and monitor your app in production.